Brake control equipment



March 23, 193'7m w, CGAN, JR A 2,074,752 y l BRAKE coNTRoL EQUIPMENT Filled Feb. 7. 195e INVENTOR JOI-IN W. LOGAN Jn ATToRNl-:Y

.Q wm mw www Patented Mar. 23, 1937 PATENT OFFICE BRAKE CONTROL EQUIPDIENT John W. Logan, Jr., Forest Hills, Pa., assigner to The Westinghouse Air Brake Company, Wilmerding, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application February 7, 1936, Serial No. 62,750

34 Claims.

This invention relates to brake control equipments, and more particularly to brake control equipments for traction and railway vehicles.

When stopping a traction or railway vehicle from relatively high speeds it is desirable that the vehicle be decelerated at a selected uniform rate of retardation, in order to minimize the danger of wheel sliding and to avoid discomfort to the passengers. It has heretofore been proposed 1;) to accomplish this by controlling brake applications through manipulation of a selective type retardation controller device, sometimes referred to as a brake Valve type retardation controller device. In this type of device an application of 1,; the brakes is initiated by moving a control element to various application positions corresponding to selective rates of retardation, and the retardation controller device thereafter functions to maintain the selected rate of retardation.

Where friction type brakes only are employed, as for example the familiar iiuid pressure operated .type of friction brake universally used, the degree of braking which is produced for a given brake cylinder pressure is greater at the lower speeds than at the higher speeds, due tothe fact that the coefficient of friction between the brake shoes and wheel treads increases as the speed of the vehicle diminishes. The retardation controller device must therefore cycle more or less o continuously when making a stop with this type of brake if there is to be maintained a uniform rate of retardation.

Where an electrodynamic type of brake, as for example the eddy current type brake, is employed, the rate of retardation may be maintained more uniform without continuous cycling of the retardation controller device, because the braking characteristic of this type brake does not increase with decreasing speed, but remains substantially uniform throughout the greater portion of the deceleration period, decreasing, however, first slowly and then rapidly, at the end of the deceleration period, and finally producing no braking effect at zero speed. Although the braking characteristic of an eddy current type brake is substantially uniform throughout a wide range of speed, the rate of retardation produced thereby will not be constant for all load conditions of the vehicle, nor if the variations in current supply are large.

In the present invention, I contemplate the provision of a brake equipment suitable for high speed vehicle use in which an electrodynamic brake of the eddy current type is employed for making normal stops, with a fluid pressure brake supplied as a stand by brake to supplement the electrodynamic brake, vand to be applied at the end of the deceleration period when the effectiveness of the electrodynamic brake diminishes due to decrease in speed.

The modern tendency is to design traction vehicles of very light material, so that the mass to be accelerated and decelerated will be a minimum, and thereby permit higher rates of acceleration and deceleration. In such cases the passenger load may bear a high ratio to the dead weight of the vehicle, and the degree of braking required of the electrodynamic brakes to produce a given rate of retardation will vary over wide limits with changes in load. In some instances the braking required may exceed the capacity of. the electrodynamic brakes, in which case the fluid pressure brakes must be applied also to produce the required high rate of retardation. In the present invention I propose to arrange the control apparatus so that when the electrodynamic brake has been applied to full capacity the fluid pressure brake is then applied to produce the additional braking necessary to retard the vehicle at the selected rate of retardation.

It is therefore a general object of the present invention to provide an improved brake equipment for traction and railway vehicles in which an electrodynamic brake is employed for making normal or service stops, with a iiuid pressure brake conditioned as a stand by brake operative to supplement the electrodynamic brake when necessary, and to be in all cases applied at the end of the deceleration period to insure stopping of the vehicle and holding it at rest.

A further object of the invention is to provide a brake equipment of the type above referred to, in which the control is governed by the manual manipulation of a selective type retardation controller device, the degree of braking being determined by the manual selection of a desired rate of. retardation.

Where vehicles are to be operated at relatively high speeds safety consideration require that provision be made for initiating an emergency application of the brakes upon incapacitance of the operator, failure of power supply, and other similar incidents. It is therefore a further object of the present invention to provide in addition to the features already enumerated the feature commonly referred to as deadman control, 'and an arrangement whereby a loss of power supply automatically effects an emergency application of the brakes.

It is a yet further object of the invention to provide a brake equipment in which an eddy current brake is employed to make service stops, with a supplemental iiuid pressure brake fully or partially suppressed during normal stops, but with provision for applying the fluid pressure brake to a maximum degree when initiating emergency applications, a retardation controller device of the selective type being provided to control both service and emergency applications.

Since when the Vehicle is brought to a stop the eddy current brakes are ineffective it is desirable that the eddy current brakes be disconnected from the source of power supply in order to prevent undue loss of power. It is therefore a further object of the invention to provide a brake equipment of the type hereinbefore referred to in which means responsive to the speed of the vehicle operates at or near the end of the deceleration period to disconnect the eddy current brake devices from the source of power supply.

More speciiic objects, dealing with constructions, arrangement of parts, and inter-related functions of the eddy current and fluid pressure brakes will appear more fully from the following v description, which is taken in connection with the attached drawing, wherein;

Fig. 1 illustrates in schematic and diagrammatic form an embodiment of the invention adapted to a single Vehicle.

Fig. 2 illustrates in diagrammatic form a sectional view of the retardation controller device, taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Referring now to the drawing, the uid pressure brake system may comprise brake cylinders I0, relay valve device double check valve device I2, a biased relay valve device I3, an emergency magnet valve device I5, application and release magnet valve device I4, sanding and motor cut-out valve device I6, and circuit breaker opener device I1.

The eddy current brake system may comprise eddy current brake devices represented by the windings 20, a uid pressure operated rheostat device 2|, a iiuid pressure operated switch device 22, a motion detector device 23, and electric relays 24 and 25.

The control for the tWo brake systems may comprise a retardation controller device 26 of the selective, or brake valve, type, a safety control switch portion of a motormans controller 21 and a safety control foot switch 28.

Considering in detail iirst the parts of the fluid pressure brake system, while only two brake cylinders l0 have been illustrated, it will be apparent that any number may be employed and in any suitable manner.

The relay valve device I I is embodied in a casing having a piston chamber 30 and a slide valve chamber 3|. Disposed in the slide valve chamber 3| is a slide valve 32 which controls communication between the slide valve chamber and an exhaust port 33. Disposed in the piston chamber 30 is a piston 34 having a stem 35 adapted to actuate the slide valve 32 with a delayed or lost motion movement.

The slide valve chamber 3| is in open communication with the brake cylinders I0 by way of pipe 36. A supply valve 31, urged toward a seated position by a spring 3S, controls communication from a main reservoir pipe 39 to the slide valve chamber 3|.

When fluid under pressure is supplied to the piston chamber 30 the piston 34 is actuated to the right, the slide valve 32 then being shifted to a position to blank the exhaust port 33, and following this to a position where stem 35 engages the supply valve 31 to unseat it. Fluid under pressure then flows from the main reservoir pipe 33 to slide valve chamber 3| and from thence through pipe 36 to brake cylinders li?. Fluid in chamber 3| also flows through restricted port 4G to chamber 4|, and when the pressure in chamber 4| equals or slightly overloalances that in chamber 3U spring 38 shifts piston 34 to lap position, in which position valve 31 is seated while slide valve 32 continues to blank exhaust port 33.

When fluid under pressure is released from the piston chamber 33 piston 34 moves to the position shown in the drawing, in which case slide valve 32 uncovers the exhaust port 33 and fluid under pressure in the brake cylinders |63 is released to the atmosphere.

The double check valve device I2 is embodied in a casing having a sliding type valve 42 subject on its left side to pressure in a chamber 43 and on its right side to pressure in a chamber 44. The valve 42 is provided with a seat rib 45 which when seated on the gasket to the right by a relatively low pressure in chamber 43 will be so maintained seated against a relatively high pressure in chamber 44. For example, if the pressure in chamber 43 is 15 pounds or greater, than the pressure in chamber 44 required to shift valve 42 to its left hand position must be 4G pounds greater than that in chamber 43. The purpose of this will appear more fully later.

The biased relay valve device I3 is embodied in a casing having a piston chamber 45 and a slide valve chamber 41. Disposed in the chamber 41 is a slide valve 48 which is actuated by a stem 43 of piston 50. A spring 5I acts upon the lower end of stem 49 to bias piston 50 to the upper position shown. The initial tension on spring 5i is such that a predetermined pressure, as for example 35 pounds, must be produced in piston chamber 45 in order to actuate piston 53 to the position where slide valve 43 uncovers passage 52 and blanks pipe and passage 53.

Passage 52 and piston chamber 45 are in communication with a pipe 54 to which uid under pressure is supplied when effecting an application of the brakes, and when slide valve 42 uncovers the passage 52 fluid may flow to the chamber 41 and from thence to chamber 43 in the double check device I2. When the piston 53 is in the position illustrated in the drawing, chamber 41 is in communication with the atmosphere by way of the pipe and passage 53.

The application and release magnet valve device |4 comprises an application valve 54S and a release valve 51. A spring 58 urges the application valve 55 toward unseated position while an electromagnet (not shown) operates when energized to actuate the application valve to seated position. A spring 59 urges the release valve 51 toward seated position, while another electromagnet (not shown) operates when energized to unseat the release valve 51.

When the release valve 51 is seated and supply valve` 56 is unseated, fluid under pressure may flow from a feed valve pipe 6d, past the unseated supply valve 56, and through pipe and passage 6| to an application pipe 62. When the application valve 56 is seated this ow is cut 01T, and when the release valve 51 is unseated fluid under pressure is released from the application pipe 52 to the atmosphere by way of exhaust port 63.

The emergency magnet valve device |5 is embodied in a casing having a double beat valve G5 urged toward upper seated position by a spring 66 and toward lower seated position by an electromagnet (not shown) in the upper part oi the valve device casing, which when energized actuates the double beat valve downwardly. When the double beat valve 65 is in lower seated position a communication is established between the chamber il@ in the double check valve device l2 and the atmosphere by way of exhaust port El. When the double beat valve 65 is in upper seated position this exhaust communication is cut 01T and a communication is established between a pipe i and the double check valve chamber till.

The sanding and motor cut-oir valve device l5 is embodied in a casing having a chamber 'iii and a piston type valve 'il disposed therein. A spring l2 biases the valve 'il to a leit hand position, in which position the main reservoir pipe 39 is connected to a sanding reservoir '53. The initial tension on spring l2 is such that a predetermined pressure, as for example 30 pounds, is required to be established in the chamber l@ in order to shift the valve il to the position where sanding reservoir' 'i3 is disconnected from the main reservoir pipe 39 and reconnected to a pipe 'lil leading to a sanding device l5 and to the circuit breaker opener device Il.

The circuit breaker opener device |'i is ernbodied in a casing having a piston 'it subject on its left hand side to pressure of fluid supplied to a chamber 'Vi and on its right hand side to presn sure exerted by a spring 18. When uid under pressure is supplied to the chamber il to a predetermined degree, the piston lf3 is actuated to the right and a knob 'i9 engages the handle (shown in broken lines) of a circuit breaker to shift the handle to a position where the circuit breaker opens the power supply to the driving motors. Fluid `under pressure supplied to chamber li escapes slowly to the atmosphere by way oi restricted port Sil and opening 8i, and after a predetermined length of time spring 'il returns piston l@ to the position illustrated.

Considering now the parts of the eddy current brake system, while only two eddy current brake devices Eil have been indicated it will be apparent that any number of these may be. provided, as for' example one associated with each axle of the vehicle, or in any other suitable manner.

The fluid pressure operated rheostat device "eli comprises a rheostat device 83 of the. carbon pile type, which is adapted to have the resistance therein varied by a fluid pressure operated device Sill. This device comprises a piston 85 subject on its right hand side to pressure of fluid supplied to a chamber Sil and on its left hand side to pressure of a calibrated spring 8l. The spring 'i is calibrated so that when the pressure in chamber lli reaches 4 pounds the piston 35 begins to move to the left and reaches the end or its travel when the pressure in chamber 36 reaches 35 pounds.

The piston has associated therewith a stem Si connected to an abutment Sil in contact with a spring B9 in a spring cage Eid. rlhe spring cage 9d bears directly upon the carbon piles in the rheostat device 33, and the parts are so designed that the resistance established by the resistance device 63 corresponds to the degree of pressure in the chamber 86 between the range of e and 35 pounds.

It will be understood, of course, that the pressures used in describing the functioning of the various parts in this embodiment are merely illustrative, and employed only to facilitate the understanding of this particular embodiment.

The fluid pressure operated switch device 22 is embodied in a casing having a piston 9| subject on its lower side to pressure of fluid supplied of chamber 92 and on its upper side to pressure o spring 93. When fluid under pressure is supplied to the chamber 92 above 4 pounds, the piston 9i will move upwardly to close contacts lift.

The motion detector device 23 is preferably connected to a vibrating part of the vehicle and embodied in an insulating casing having two electric conducting members 9B between which are disposed a quantity of carbon granules 9i, or similar electric conducting particles, so arranged that when the detector device is vibrating due to the vehicle traveling above a predetermined speed the electrical resistance between the two members 96 is such that the current flowing between the two members is limited to a low degree and when the vibration diminishes as the vehicle speed drops below this predetermined speed, the electrical resistance diminishes such that the current flowing between the two members 9G increases to a relatively high degree.

rlhe motion detector relay 25 operates in connection with the motion detector device 23, while the relay 2li controls the power supply circuit to the eddy current brake devices 20, as will more fully hereinafter appear.

The retardation controller device 26 is embodied in a casing having an inertia operated body iilll provided with wheels or rollers ||l| rolling in a trackway |92. A spring H13, concentrically disposed on a rod |l4, biases the body Hill to an extreme left hand position. The rod HM is secured at one end to the body IBI] and is slidably disposed in a bushing |05, at its other end, secured to the retardation control device casing. The body |09 carries two cams |05 and ||l'|, both preferably made of some insulating material. The cam |06 is adapted to actuate a roller |03 associated with release contacts |99, while the cam |01 is adapted to actuate a roller lid associated with application contacts The release and application contacts are carried by an insulating member H2 secured to a rod H3, which is biased to an extreme left hand position by a spring H4.

The rod I3 is slidable in the retardation control device casing and is positionable against opposition oi spring H4 by rotation of an actuating cam ||5 secured to a shaft H6. The shaft l i6 is rotatable by manipulation of a brake controller handle which may be actuated from a release position (which is that shown in Fig. l) to a lap position, which is that indicated by the notch H8, and to a plurality of application positions beyond the lap notch I8.

When the handle is actuated from its release position to the lap position, roller M3 will roll o the high part of cam |06 and permit release contacts |09 to be opened. When the handle i il' is actuated beyond the lap position into the application zone, roller iii will roll off the high. part of cam lll'l and permit contacts lli to be opened. It is to be understood that the release and application contacts open due to the resiliency of their supporting elements.

The retardation controller device is positioned on the vehicle so that after the release and application contacts have been actuated to the right, and the brakes thus applied as will be more fully described hereinafter, the force of inertia acting upon the body |00 will actuate it to the right, whereupon roller I will roll onto the high part of cam lul, to close the application contacts, and subsequently, if the body |00 moves far enough, roller |08 will roll onto the high part of cam to close the release contacts |09.

It will be obvious that the release and application contacts may be positioned different distances to the right, and that the movement of the inertia operated body |00 against tension of spring |93 will actuatethe contacts to closed positions at different rates of retardation, depending upon the movement of the contacts to the right.

Disposed in the retardation control device casing is a valve having a stem |22. The valve |20 is normally biased to a left hand position by spring |23, so that communication is established between the aforementioned supply pipe 68 and feed valve pipe 50. When the inertia operated body |00 is actuated to the right under a force of inertia. corresponding to a maximum rate of retardation, the valve |20 is shifted to a position whore pipe 53 is disconnected from pipe 60 and connected to an exhaust pipe |24. It is to be understood that the rate of retardation which thus causes body |00 to actuate the valve |20 corresponds to that which will result in actuating the application and release contacts when in their extreme position to the right.

The safety control switch portion of the motor controller device 21 comprises essentially a set of contacts |25, which are adapted to be closed when the motor controller handle |21 is held in a depressed position, as illustrated, and to be opened when the motor controller handle 21. is permitted to be actuated to an upper position by a spring |28. The spring |28 acts upon a pin |29 secured to or associated with an arm |30 forming a part of the handle |21. The handle |21 is pivoted at I3! and the downward force exerted by spring |28 tends to rotate the handle |21 in a clockwise direction about this pivot. When the handle is thus rotated pin |29 engages the right end of a lever |32 to rotate it in a clockwise direction about a fulcrum ||9 to effect disengagement of the contacts |25. It will thus be seen that when pressure manually applied to hold the handle |21 depressed is released spring |28 will effect opening of contacts |25.

The safety control foot switch device 28 is embodied in a casing having stationary contacts |34 and a movable bridging contact |35, adapted to be actuated out of engagement with the stationary contacts by a spring |35. A foot button |31 is adapted when depressed by the foot of an operator to cause engagement of the bridging contact 35 with the stationary contacts |34.

The operation of this embodiment of my invention is as follows:

Running condition When the vehicle is running under power, or coasting, the brake controller handle |1 is maintained in its release position, while the operator maintains pressure manually applied to either the foot button |31 or to the motor controller handle |21, or to both. With these conditions obtaining the parts of the brake equipment -will be in the positions as illustrated.

The current supply for maintaining the parts in the illustrated positions is taken from a trolley 40. Connected to the trolley |40 by a conductor |41 is a resistance device |42. This device is provided with terminals |43 from which current is supplied to operate the electroresponsive devices already described. Connected to one terminal |43 is one main supply conductor |44 and connected to the other terminal |43 is a second main supply conductor |45.

With the brake controller handle I1 in release position, the application electromagnet in the application and release magnet Valve device i4 will be energized through a circuit which, beginning at the main supply conductor |44, includes application contacts of the retardation controller device 26, application conductor |46, the application electromagnet, and supply conductor |45.

The release electromagnet will be energized through a. circuit which, beginning at the main supply conductor |44, includes release contacts |09 of the retardation controller device, release conductor |41, the release electromagnet, and the supply conductor |45.

Assuming now that pressure is manually applied to the motor controller handle |21 and not applied to the foot button |31, as illustrated, the emergency magnet valve device l5 will be energized through a circuit which, beginning at the supply conductor |44, includes conductors switch |49, conductor |50, contacts |25, conductor |5|, the emergency magnet valve |5, and the other supply conductor |45. It will be apparent from the arrangement illustrated that the magnet valve device l5 will be energized if the contacts of the foot switch device 28 are closed instead of the contacts of the motor controller device. On the other hand, it should be apparent that the emergency magnet valve device will be deenergized if both sets of contacts are opened simultaneously, or if conductors switch |49 is opened.

With the parts in the positions illustrated, the sanding reservoir 13 will be charged from the main reservoir pipe through the sanding and motor cut out valve device I5. The main reservoir pipe 39 is connected to a main reservoir |54. This main reservoir is charged with fluid under pressure from the usual compressor (not shown), and is connected to a feed valve device of the usual type. For the purposes of illustration it will be assumed that the pressure in the main reservoir is maintained between '70 and 90 pounds, and that the feed valve device |55 is set to limit the pressure of supply from the main reservoir to the feed valve pipe 50 to 55 pounds.

In order that the pressure in the feed valve pipe shall not rise above some predetermined value, as for example 58 pounds, a safety valve device |56, set at 58 pounds, is interposed between the feed valve pipe and the feed valve device. And in order to add capacity to the feed valve pipe 60, so that fluctuations in pressure shall be a minimum, a capacity reservoir |51 is connected to the feed valve pipe.

Service application When it is desired to effect a service application of the brakes, the brake controller handle is moved into the application zone to a degree according to the desired rate of retardation. At the same time, pressure is maintained manually applied to the motor controller handle |21 or to the foot switch button |31, or to both.

As brake controller handle ||1 is actuated to application position, the application and release contacts |09 and are moved to the right. As roller |08 rolls oi the cam |06 the release contacts |03 are opened to effect deenergization of the release electromagnet in the magnet valve device iii. This permits spring 59 to seat the release valve and thus close the communication between the application pipe 62 and the atmosphere. As the roller H rolls off cam |01, .application contacts iii open to deenergize the application electromagnet, and thus permit valve 50 to be unseated by spring 58.

Fluid under pressure then flows from the feed valve pipe til past the unseated supply valve 56 and through pipe and passage 6l to the application pipe t2. From the application pipe t2 fluid under pressure flows to chamber 06 in the iluid pressure operated device dal and to chamber 92 in the fluid pressure operated switch de vice 22. Piston 9| is then actuated upwardly to close contacts Sli when the pressure in chamber d2 reaches approximately 4 pounds.

Closing of contacts 9d establishes a circuit to the relay 2li, which circuit includes, beginning from the main supply conductor |44, relay 24, contacts itt of the motion detector relay 25, which are now closed, contacts 94, and the other main supply conductor |45. Relay 24 will then close its contacts |59, to establish a circuit from the trolley it@ to the eddy current brake devices 2li, which circuit includes, trolley conductor MI, contacts itil of relay 24, conductor |00, the carbon pile rheostat device 83 and conductor l 6|, the return connection being by way of .ground wire iiiii. `The eddy current brake devices will thus be energized and will produce a braking effect.

As the pressure of fluid supplied to chamber 86 in the fluid pressure operated device 84 increases above 4 pounds, the pressure on the carbon pile rheostat (i3 will increase and thus decrease the resistance. The degree of eddy current braking will correspondingly increase.

Fluid under pressure will also flow from the application pipe t2 through choke |33 to the pipe ft, and from thence to the chamber it in the biased relay valve device I3. As before explained, the piston 5t will not be actuated downwardly until the pressure in chamber 66 has reached a value of 35 pounds.

It is intended that for pressures in application pipe tiff up to 35 pounds, the eddy current brakes vill be eifective enough under most conditions to produce the highest rate of retardation required for service applications. Therefore, for pressure application pipe 62 below`35 pounds the biased relay valve device i3 will not respond, so that the fluid pressure brakes will not ordinarily be applied.

With the eddy current brakes applied and the vehicle decelerating, the inertia operated body it@ will move to the right. When the body has moved far enough for roller H0 to roll onto the part of cam itl, the application contacts will be closed to again energize the application ectromagnet and seat the application valve 55. Tho supply of huid under pressure to the application pipe @l2 will then be lapped. v

body lfitl should continue to move to the right roller Hifi will roll onto the high part of cam it@ and thus close the release contacts |09, to again energize the release electro-magnet and unseat the release valve 5l. .This will release fluid under pressure from the pipe 62 until the rate ci retardationdiminishes enough for body |00 to move back to the left. It will be observed that the arrangement of the cams |05 and |01 is such that a lap of the supply to the pipe 62 obtains when roller lll) is on the high part of cam |01 and roller |08 is on the low part of cam |06. This is the position that these parts will assume when the .eddy current brakes only are applied and the rate of retardation produced thereby corresponds to the position of the brake controller handle Hl.

Assuming now that the trolley voltage should diminish, or that the vehicle load is relatively great, such that the braking produced by the eddy current brakes would be insufficient to maintain the selected rate of retardation, then the body |00 will move to the left to open both the release contacts |09 and the application contacts lll. Fluid under pressure'will be then supplied to the pipe 52 to a higher degree.

Assuming that the pressure of fluid thus supplied is above 35 pounds, piston 50 in the biased relay valve device it will be actuated downwardly to establish communication between the passage 52 and chamber fill. From chamber fill iluid under pressure will then ow to chamber "it in double check valve device i2, where the valve 42 will be actuated to its right hand position, and will then flow to chamber 3S in relay valve device i. In this valve device, piston 3d will be shifted to its right hand position to close exhaust port 33 and unseat supply valve 3l. Fluid under pressure will then flow from the main reservoir pipe 38 to the brake cylinder pipe 30. The iluid pressure brakes will thus be applied.

When the combined pressure of uid supplied to chamber 4l inthe biased relay valve device i3 and that of spring 5i slightly overbalances the pressure of fluid in chamber at, piston 5u will move to a lap position, where slide valve 4B blanks both passage 52 and pipe and passage 53. This will cause the parts of the relay valve device to also move to lap position to cut olf further supply to the brake cylinders Ill. It will thus be apparent therefore that the fluid pressure brakes are applied to a degree proportional to the increase of pressure in pipe 62 above 35 pounds.

Now when the combined braking due to application of both the eddy current and iluid pressure brakes produces the desired rate of retardation, the body |30 of the retardation controller device will move to the position where contacts are closed and contacts |09 remain opened. The supply to the application pipe 62 will then be lapped again.

It will thus be seen that if for any reason the degree of braking produced by the eddy current brakes should be insuliicient to produce the desired rate of retardation, then the fluid pressure brakes will be cut in to make up the deficiency.

Assuming now that a decreasing trolley voltage was the sole cause for applying the fluid pressure brakes and that the voltage now returns to normal, it will be apparent that the retardation controller device will function to diminish the pressure in the application pipe 62 to some value below 35 pounds, in which event piston 50 of the biased relay valve device i3 will move to its uppermost position, and thus release fluid under pressure from chamber 30 of the relay valve device to the atmosphere, by way of pipe and passage 53. The relay valve device il will then function to release huid under pressure from the brake cylinder l0 to the atmosphere, by way of exhaust port 33.

Now as the speed of the vehicle diminishes with the eddy current brakes only applied, the braking will again diminish due to the inherent characterstics Of the eddy current brake. 'Ihe retardation controller device will again function to increase the pressure in the application pipe 62, and thus again reapply the iluid pressure brakes. It is particularly desirable that the fluid pressure brakes be applied gradually as the effectiveness of the eddy current brake diminishes.

In order to accomplish this, the aforementioned choke |63 is interposed between the application pipe 62 and the biased relay valve device I3, and in addition a Volume reservoir |64 is connected to the pipe 54, so as to delay the rise of pressure in the relay valve piston chamber 46. The size of choke |63 and the capacity of volume reservoir |64 are such that the rise of pressure in the piston chamber 46 corresponds substantially to the rate of decrease of effectiveness of the eddy current brakes. Thus the uid pressure brakes are applied at the end of the stop, when the eddy current brakes decrease in effectiveness, at a relatively slow rate so that a smooth stop is effected.

It will also be observed that since the maximum pressure which may be established in the application pipe 62 is 55 pounds, the biased relay valve device I3 can by its operation only effect a maximum brake cylinder pressure of 20 pounds.

When the fluid pressure operated switch device 22 closed its contacts 94, it also connected the motion detector relay 25 in series with the motion detector device 23, between the two main supply conductors |44 and |45. This circuit includes, beginning at the supply conductor |44, conductor |65, motion detector device 23, conductor |66, motion detector relay 25, and contacts 94.

When the speed of the vehicle diminishes to some low speed, as for example 5 miles per hour, the vibration of the motion detector device 23 will decrease sharply and the resistance between the members 96 will diminish rapidly. Relay 25 will then be energized sufficiently to open contacts |58, thereby deenergizing relay 24. This relay will then open its contacts |59 to deenergize the eddy current brake devices. The deenergization of the eddy current brake devices will occur after the fluid pressure brakes have been applied, so

that the vehicle will be brought to a stop promptly.

When the vehicle has been brought to a stop the operator moves the brake controller handle I1 to the lap position, corresponding to the notch I IB. In this position, as before described, release contacts |09 will be opened and application contacts I I will be closed. The fluid pressure brakes will then be held applied with a pressure in the brake cylinders corresponding to the maximum which may be effected by operation of the biased relay valve device I3, i. e., 20 pounds.

It will be apparent, of course, that after a brake application has been initiated that the operator may increase or decrease the degree of application by merely moving the brake controller handle ||1 to different positions in the application zone. Thus if the track rails are dry a higher rate of retardation may be selected by moving the brake controller handle to extreme positions in the application zone, and if the rails are wet or icy the brake controller handle is moved a lesser distance into the application zone.

Emergency application An emergency application of the brakes may be eifected by simultaneously releasing pressure on the handle |21 and the foot button |31, or by opening conductors switch |49. or will automatically result upon a failure of the power supply,

such as the trolley |40 leaving the trolley wire or for other similar reasons.

If pressure applied to the handle |21 and foot button |31 is released, or switch |49 opened, the circuit to the emergency magnet valve device I5 will be interrupted and this magnet valve device thus deenergized. 'Ihe double beat valve 65 will be then actuated to upper seated position to connect pipe 68 to chamber 44 in the double check valve device I2. Since pipe 68 is at this time in communication with the feed valve pipe 60, fluid under pressure will flow from the feed valve pipe through the pipe 68 and past the double beat valve to chamber 44 in the double check valve device. Valve 42 will then be shifted to its left hand position and fluid will flow to the relay valve piston chamber 30. The relay valve device will then function to connect the main reservoir pipe 39 to the brake cylinders I0. Since now the supply of fluid under pressure to the relay piston chamber 30 may rise to feed valve pressure, it follows that the ultimate brake cylinder pressure may also correspond to feed valve pressure.

With the fluid pressure brakes thus applied and the Vehicle decelerating, the inertia operated body |00 in the retardation controller device will move to the right. When the body has moved to a potion such that it engages stem |22 of valve |20, it rst shifts the valve to a position where communication between pipes 60 and 68 is cut off, with the result that the fluid pressure brake application will be lapped. If the body |00 moves further to the right to connect pipe 68 to exhaust pipe |24, the degree of application of the iiuid pressure brakes will be diminished until the body |00 moves back to the position where valve |20 laps the communication to pipe 68.

Now due to the fact that the braking produced by the iiuid pressure operated friction brakes will increase as the speed diminishes, it will be obvious that the body |00 will move back and forth to intermittently release fluid under pressure from the brake cylinders, and if necessary resupply fluid under pressure thereto, in order to maintain a substantially constant rate of retardation,

When the vehicle comes to a rest the body |00 will assume the position shown in the drawing, whereupon pipe 68 will again be connected to pipe 60. A release of the brakes may, however, be effected by again energizing the emergency magnet valve device I5, and fluid under pressure supplied to the relay piston chamber 30 will then be released to the atmosphere through the exhaust port 61 in the magnet valve device.

If there should be a failure of power supply, then not only will the emergency magnet valve device I5 be deenergized, but the electromagnets in the application and release magnet valve device I4 will also be deenergized. Fluid under pressure will therefore be supplied to the application pipe 62 simultaneously with the supply to the pipe 68. Fluid supplied to the application pipe 62 will, of course, not effect an application of the eddy current brakes if there is a failure of electric power supply.

Fluid under pressure in pipe 62 will flow to piston chamber 46 in the biased relay valve device I3. This ow will however be slow due to the presence of the choke |63 and volume reser- Voir |64. In addition, since the biased relay valve device does not respond to pressures lower than 35 pounds, it will be obvious that the supply to the chamber 44 in the double check valve device I2, due to deenergization of the emergency magnet valve device I5, will take place rapidly and shift the valve 52 to its left hand position. The communication from` the biased relay valve device i3 to the relay valve device Il will therefore be out oif and the communication from the emergency magnet valve device to the relay valve device li opened. The fluid pressure brakes will therefore be applied to a maximum degree.

It should be noted, however, that if the power supply should fail at a time when during a service application the biased relay valve device i3 has effected a brake cylinder pressure of 15 pounds, or greater, that deenergization of the emergency magnet valve device will not result in the maximum brake cylinder pressure, as valve l2 in the double check valve l2 will have been shifted to its right hand position and there will be insuliicient differential of pressure in chamber it to shift it to its left hand position.

It will of course be obvious that the retardation controller device 26 will function as before to limit the rate of retardation produced.

In the meanwhile, the biased relay valve device i3 will at 35 pounds pressure in chamber i6 operate to open communication between the passage 52 and chamber 43 of the double check valve device l2. It will be obvious therefore thattwo sources of supply will be available for effecting an application of the fluid pressure brakes, and that the supply of higher pressure predominates (except in the case noted), so that the brakes will be applied to whatever degree is sufficient to maintain the maximum rate of retardation.

When the relay valve device l l effects a brake cylinder pressure of 30 pounds, or greater, the

A sanding and motor cut out valve device will respend to connect the sanding device 15 and cut out device il to the sanding reservoir 13. The sanding device will of course sand the rails to increase the adhesion, so as to minimize the danger of wheel sliding, while the cut out device opens the power circuit breaker to prevent supply of current to the motors upon return of the power supply.

While I have described my invention with particular reference to one embodiment thereof, it is not my intention to be limited to the exact details of this embodiment or otherwise than by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I-Iaving now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: l

l. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, fluid pressure brake means, electric brake means, a pipe to which fluid under pressure is supplied in effecting an application of the brakes, means responsive to the pressure of iiuid in said pipe for elfecting and controlling the degree of operation of said electric brake means, and means for preventing application of said uid pressure brake means until said electric brake means has been applied to a maximum degree at a chosen fluid pressure in said pipe and for then effecting application of said fluid pressure brake means to a degree proportional to the further increase of fluid pressure in said pipe above said chosen pressure.

2. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, fluid pressure brake means, electric brake means, a pipe, means responsive to a low value of pressure in said pipe for effecting operation of said electric brake means and for increasing the degree of operation as the pressure in said pipe increases, and means also responsive to pressures in said pipe and operable only at pressures above that corresponding to the maximum degree of operation of said electric brake means for effecting operation of said uid pressure brake means to a degree proportional to the increase of pressure in said pipe above that corresponding to said maximum degree.

3. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, a brake cylinder, an eddy current brake device, a pipe, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said pipe, means responsive to a low pressure in said pipe for effecting energization or" said eddy current brake device and for increasing the degree of energization thereof as the pressure said pipe increases to a chosen value, and means operative at pressures only above said chosen value for elfecting a supply of fluid under pressure to said brake cylinder the degree of which corresponde to the degree of pressure in said pipe above said chosen value.

li. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, an electric brake device, a brake cylinder, a pipe, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said pipe, means responsive to the pressures in said pipe for eifecting energization of said electric brake device and for increasing the energization thereof as the pressure in said pipe increases, and a valve device responsive only to pressures in said pipe above that corresponding to maximum energization of said electric brake device for supplying fluidunder pressure to said brake cylinder.

5. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, fluid pressure brake means, electric brake means, a pipe, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said pipe, means for effecting and controlling operation of said electric brake means according to the pressure of fluid in said pipe and operable to effect a maximum degree of operation of said electric brake means when the pressure in said pipe increases to a chosen value, means responsive to pressures in said pipe only above said chosen value for effecting operation of said fluid pressure brake means to a degree which corresponds to the increase of pressure above said chosen value, and means for controlling the pressure of fluid supplied to said pipe according to the rate of retardation of the vehicle.

6. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, a brake cylinder, an eddy current brake device, a pipe, means responsive to pressures established in said pipe for effecting an application of said eddy current brake device, means responsive only to pressures in said pipe above that corresponding to a maximum degree of application of said eddy current brake device for effecting a supply of fluid under pressure to said brake'cylinder, a control element, and retardation controlling means for varying the pressure in said pipe to produce a rate of retardation corresponding to the degree of movement of said control element.

7. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, a brake cylinder, an electric brake device, a pipe, switch means responsive to a low pressure established in said pipe for connecting said electric brake device to a source of current supply, pressure operated means responsive to an increase of pressure in said pipe for varying the degree of current supplied to said electric brake device, a valve device responsive only to pressures in said pipe above that corresponding to maximum energization of said electric brake device for opening a communication through which fluid under pressure is supplied to eifect a supply of fluid under pressure to said brake cylinder, and retardation controlling means for control- Cil ling the supply of nuid under pressure to said pipe.

8. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, electric brake means operative to produce a braking eifect which diminishes at low vehicle speeds, fluid pressure brake means, a pipe, means for eifecting an application of said electric brake means to a degree corresponding to the degree of pressure in said pipe, said electric brake means 10 being applied to a maximum degree when the pressure in said pipe reaches a chosen value, means responsive to the rate of retardation of the vehicle for increasing the pressure in said pipe as the effectiveness of said electric brake l5 means diminishes, and means operable when the pressure in said pipe exceeds said chosen value for eifecting an application of said iiuid pressure brake means.

9. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, 20 electric brake means operative to produce a braking effect which diminishes at low vehicle speeds, uid pressure brake means, a pipe, means for effecting an application of said electric brake means to a degree corresponding to the degree 25 of pressure in said pipe, said electric brake means being applied to a maximum degree when the pressure in said pipe reaches a chosen value, means responsive to the rate of retardation of the vehicle for increasing the pressure in said 30 pipe as the effectiveness of said electric brake means diminishes, means operable when the pressure in said pipe exceeds said chosen value for effecting an application of said fluid pressure brake means, and means for controlling the 35 rate of application of said fluid pressure brake means.

10. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, a pipe, an electric brake device, a brake cylinder, means operative to supply current to said 40 electric brake device to a maximum degree when pressure is established in said pipe at or above a chosen value, a valve device connected to said pipe and operative when the pressure in said pipe exceeds said chosen value for effecting a supply of fluid under pressure to said brake cylinder, and means interposed between said valve device and said pipe for delaying the response oi said valve device to the increase of pressure in said pipe. 5G 11. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, electric brake means, iiuid pressure brake means, means for establishing variable fluid pressures, means responsive to said fluid pressures for effecting an application of said electric brake 55 means according to the degree of said pressures, means for increasing the degree of said fluid pressures when the effectiveness of said electric brake means diminishes, means responsive to said fluid pressures only above a degree corre- GO spending to the maximum degree of application of said electric brake means for effecting an application of said fluid pressure brake means, and means operable at a low predetermined speed of the vehicle for cutting said electric brake means out of action.

12. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, uid pressure brake means, electric brake means, a pipe, means for controlling applications of said electric brake means for pressures established in i) said pipe up to a chosen value, the effectiveness of said electric brake means diminishing at low vehicle speeds, means responsive to pressures established in said pipe above said chosen value for effecting an application of said uid pressure brake means, a retardation controller device having a manually controlled element and an inertia controlled element, and means responsive to movement of said manually controlled element for effecting a supply of fluid under pressure to said pipe, and responsive subsequently to movement of said inertia controlled member for varying the pressure in said pipe, said inertia controlled member causing the pressure in said pipe to increase as the effectiveness of said electric brake means diminishes, whereby the pressure in said pipe may increase above said chosen degree.

13. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, an electric brake device, a brake cylinder, a retardation controller device having a manually controlled element and an inertia controlled element, means responsive to movement of said manually controlled element for establishing fiuid pressures, means responsive to movement of said inertia controlled element for varying said fluid pressures, means responsive to said iiuid pressures for effecting a supply of current to said electric brake device and operable to supplyv current to a maximum degree at a chosen fluid pressure, said inertia controlled element causing said fluid pressures to increase in degree as the effectiveness of said electric brake device diminishes, and means responsive to fluid pressures above said chosen degree for effecting a supply of fluid under pressure to said brake cylinder.

14. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, a brake cylinder, an electric brake device, a pipe to which fluid under pressure is supplied in effecting an application of the brakes, means responsive to pressures in said pipe for effecting an application of said electric brake device to a maximum degree when the pressure in said pipe reaches a chosen value, a valve device connected to said pipe and operative at pressures above said chosen degree for effecting a supply of uid under pressure to said brake cylinder, means interposed between said valve device and said pipe for delaying the response of said valve device to increase of pressure in said pipe, and means operative upon decrease of pressure in said pipe below said chosen value for causing said valve device to respond quickly.

15. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, an eddy current brake device, a brake cylinder, a retardation controller device having a plurality of normally closed contacts adapted to be manually moved to a position where said contacts are opened, and having an inertia operated member moved according to the rate of retardation of the vehicle for subsequently closing said contacts, means responsive to opening of all of said contacts for effecting application of said brake means and responsive to closing of all but one of said contacts for effecting a lap of said application, a control element having a release, a lap, and a plurality of application positions, means responsive to movement of said element from said release position to said lap position for opening one only of said contacts and responsive to movement into any of said application positions fcr opening all of said contacts.

i6. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, brake means, a rst normally energized electroresponsive means operable when deenergized to effect an application operation of said brake means to a low degree, a second normally energized electroresponsive means operable when deenergiaed to eifect an application operation of said brake means to a high degree, and means operative when said two electroresponsive means are simultaneously energized for causing said second electroresponsive means only to be effective in initiating an application operation of said brake means.

17. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, a brake cylinder, a pipe, means for supplying iluid under pressure to said pipe, a valve device responsive to pressures in said pipe above a chosen degree for effecting a supply of iluid under pressure to said brake cylinder to a relatively loW degree, means operable simultaneously with supply of fluid under pressure to said pipe for effecting a supply of fluid under pressure to said brake cylinder to a relatively high degree, and means for delaying the response of said valve device whereby said last mentioned means is effective in supplying lluid under pressure to said brake cylinder.

f18. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, electric brake means,`fluid pressure brake means, a pipe, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said pipe, means responsive to pressures in said pipe up to a chosen degree for controlling the degree of application of' said electric brake means, valve means responsive to pressures in said pipe Vabove said chosen degree for eilecting an application of said fluid pressure brake means to a degree corresponding to the increase of pressure in said pipe above said chosen degree, emergency means operative simultaneously With supply of fluid under pressure to said pipe to effect an application of Vsaid fluid pressure brake means to a degree higher than effected by operation of said valve means, and means effective when said emergency means is operated simultaneously with supply of iluid under pressure to said pipe for rendering said valve means ineffective to control application of said fluid pressure brake means.

19. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, a brake cylinder, a pipe, electroresponsive valve means operable to supply fluid under pressure to said pipe, service electroresponsive valve means operable in response to pressure in said pipe above a chosen value for opening a communication through which fluid under pressure is supplied to effect a supply of fluid at a moderate pressure to said brake cylinder, emergency electroresponsive valve means operable to open a communication through which fluid under pressure is supplied to a high degree to effect a supply of fluid at a high pressure to said brake cylinder, and means operable when said two electroresponsive Valve means are simultaneously operated for closing said flrst mentioned communication.

20. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, brake means, a first electroresponsive valve means for controlling operation of said brake means, a second electroresponsive valve means for also controlling operation of said brake means, a set of contacts for controlling said rst electroresponsive means, a valve for controlling the degree of operation of said brake means when controlled by said second electroresponsive means, and means governed by the rate of retardation of the vehicle for controlling said contacts and said valve.

21. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, brake means, a valve device operable to open a communication through which fluid under pressure is supplied to effect operation of said brake means to a relatively low degree, electroresponsive valve means operable to open a communication through which iluid under pressure is supplied to effect operation of said brake means to a relatively high degreea set of contacts, means controlled by said contacts for controlling operation of said valve device, .a valve controlling the communication opened by said electroresponsive valve means, and means governed by the rate of retardation of the vehicle for controlling said contacts and said valve.

- 22. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, electric brake means, fluid pressure brake means, a pipe, means responsive to pressures in said pipe for effecting an application of said electric brake means, the degree of application of said electric brake means being a maximum when the pressure in said pipe rises to a predetermined degree, valve means responsive to pressures in said pipe above said predetermined degree for effecting an application of said fluid pressure brake means to a relatively loW degree, electroresponsive valve means operable to open a communication through Which iluid under pressure is supplied to effect an application of said fluid pressure brake means to a maximum degree, a set of contacts for controlling the supply of iluid under pressure to said pipe, a valve for controlling the communication established by said electroresponsive valve means, and means operated according to the rate of retardation of the vehicle for controlling said contacts and said valve.

23. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, brake means, means for effecting a service operation of said brake means, a set of contacts for controlling said service operation, means for eiecting an emergency operation of said brake means, a valve for controlling said emergency operation, and means governed by the rate of retardation of the vehicle for controlling opera tion of said contacts and operation of said valve.

24. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, fluid pressure brake means, electric brake means, means operable when effecting a service application of the brakes for effecting rst a full application of said electric brake means and then a limited application of said fluid pressure brake means, means operable when effecting an emergency application of the brakes for effecting a full application of said fluid pressure brake means only, contacts for controlling said service application, a valve for controlling said emergency application, and means governed by the rate of retardation of the vehicle for controllingsaid contacts and said valve.

25. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, electric brake means, fluid pressure brake means, a retardation controller device having a set of manually positionable contacts movable from a biased position to various application positions, and having an inertia operated body adapted to operate said contacts at a rate of retardation corresponding to the manual positioning of said contacts, said retardation controller device also having a valve operable at a rate of retardation corresponding to the positioning of said contacts in a maximum application position, means responsive to manual positioning of said contacts for effecting a service application of said brake means, safety control means, means responsive to an operation of said safety control means for effecting an emergency application of said brake means, and means whereby said contacts and said inertia operated body coact to control said service application and said valve and said inertia operated body coact to control said emergency application.

26. In a vehicle brake system, in combination,

electric brake means, fluid pressure brake means, means operable when effecting a service application of the brakes for effecting first a full application of said electric brake means and then a partial application of said fluid pressure brake means, means operable when effecting an emergency application of said brake means for effecting a full application of said fluid pressure brake means only, means for sanding the track rails, and means operable only when said fluid pressure brake means is applied to a degree higher than in said partial' application for effecting operation of said sanding means.

27. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, fluid pressure brake means, electric brake means, a pipe to which fluid under pressure is supplied in effecting an application of the brakes, means responsive to the pressure of fluid in said pipe for effecting the operation of said electric brake means to produce a braking effect, and for increasing the degree of braking effect produced by said electric brake means as the pressure in said pipe increases, the degree of braking effect produced by said electric brake means reaching a maximum when the pressure in said pipe attains a chosen value, and means for delaying the operation of said fluid pressure brake means until the pressure in said pipe attains said chosen value, and for then effecting the operation of said fluid pressure brake means to produce a braking effect which corresponds to the increase of pressure in said pipe above said chosen value, the degree of braking effect produced by said fluid pressure brake means being at any time substantially proportional to said increase of pressure.

28. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, a brake cylinder, an eddy current brake device, a pipe, means responsive to pressures in said pipe between two chosen values for controlling the degree of application of said eddy current brake device, said degree of application increasing as the pressure in said pipe increases from the lower to the upper of said two chosen values, means responsive to pressures in said pipe above the upper of said chosen values for initiating a supply of fluid under pressure to said brake cylinder and for establishing the pressure of said supply in direct proportion to the increase in pressure in said pipe above said upper chosen value, and retardation controlling means for controlling the pressure of fluid in said pipe and being operable to vary said pressure above or below said upper chosen value.

29. In a vehicle brake system, in combination, fluid pressure brake means, electric brake means, a pipe, means responsive to pressures established in said pipe between a low value and a chosen value for controlling the degree of application of said electric brake means, said degree of application of said electric brake means increasing proportionately as the pressure in said pipe increases from said low to said chosen value, means responsive to pressures established in said pipe above said chosen value only for initiating an application of said fluid pressure brake means and for establishing the degree of application thereof directly in accordance with the degree of increase of pressure above said chosen value, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said pipe to any degree above or below said chosen value, and means responsive to the rate of retardation of the vehicle for varying the pressure of fluid established in said pipe in accordance with a selected rate of retardation.

30. In a vehiclebrake system, electric brake means effective to produce a braking effect variable upon variations in the speed of the vehicle and upon variations in the degree of excitation thereof, friction brake means, means operative automatically according to the braking effect produced on the vehicle for varying the excitation of the electric brake means upon variations in speed of the vehicle to cause the electric brake means to produce a substantially uniform degree of braking effect on the vehicle, and means operative when the excitation of the electric brake means attains a maximum value to cause application of the friction brake means.

31. In a vehicle brake system, electric brake means effective to produce a braking effect variable upon variations in the speed of the vehicle and upon variations in the degree of excitation thereof, friction brake means, means operative automatically according to the braking effect produced on the vehicle for varying the excitation of the electric brake means upon variations in speed of the vehicle to cause the electric brake means to produce a substantially uniform degree of braking effect on the vehicle, and means operative when the excitation of the electric brake means attains a maximum value to cause application of the friction brake means, said means which is operative automatically according to the braking effect produced on the vehicle being operative to so control the friction brake means as to cause the braking effect produced by both the electric brake means and the friction brake means to remain substantially at the said uniform degree.

32. In a vehicle brake system, electric brake means, friction brake means, fluid pressure operated rheostat means operative upon an increase in the pressure of fluid supplied thereto to increase the excitation of the electric brake means, means effective to prevent operation of the rheostat means to further increase the excitation of the electric brake means when the pressure of fluid supplied to the rheostat means exceeds a predetermined pressure, and fluid pressure operated means subject to the pressure of fluid supplied to operate the rheostat means and operative when the pressure of the fluid exceeds the said predetermined pressure to effect application of the friction brake means.

33. In a vehicle brake system, an electric br-ake device, a rheostat operative to vary the excitation of said electric brake device, fluid pressure responsive means for operating said rheostat, fluid pressure operated means for operating a friction brake device, a fluid pressure operated valve device controlling the supply of fluid under pressure to said fluid pressure operated means, valve means for causing fluid under pressure to be simultaneously supplied to and released from said fluid pressure responsive means and said fluid pressure operated valve device, means for rendering said fluid pressure responsive means ineffective to further operate the rheostat to vary the excitation of the electric brake device when the pressure of the fluid supplied to the fluid pressure responsive means exceeds a predetermined pressure, said fluid pressure operated valve means being adapted to operate to cause fluid under pressure to be supplied to the fluid pressure operated means to operate the friction brake device only after the pressure of the fluid supplied to the fluid pressure operated valve means exceeds the said predetermined pressure.

34. In a vehicle brake system, an electric brake device, a rheostat operative to vary the excitation of said electric brake device, uid pressure responsive means for operating said rheostat, fluid pressure operated means for operating a friction brake device, a fluid pressure operated valve device controlling the supply of fluid under pressure to said fluid pressure operated means, valve means for causing fluid under pressure to be simultaneously supplied to and released from said fluid pressure responsive means and said 1n iluid pressure operated valve device, means for rendering said uid pressure responsive means ineffective to further operate the rheostat to vary the excitation of the electric brake device when the pressure of the fluid supplied to the fluid pressure responsive means exceeds a predetermined pressure, said uid pressure operated valve means being adapted to operate to cause uid under pressure to be supplied to the uid pressure operated means to operate the friction brake device only after the pressure of the fluid supplied to the fluid pressure operated valve means exceeds the said predetermined pressure, and being effective to regulate the pressure of the fluid supplied to the fluid pressure operated means to a pressure which is a uniform amount less than that acting on the fluid pressure responsive means.

. JOHN W. LOGAN, JR. 

